Inca Trail
The Inca Trail: History, Culture, and Nature on the Way to Machu Picchu
The Inca Trail is one of the most famous sections of the ancient Qhapaq Ñan road system—a vast network of over 30,000 kilometers built by the Incas to connect their vast empire, the Tahuantinsuyo, which at its peak in the 15th century extended from southern Colombia to northern Chile and Argentina.
This particular route to Machu Picchu was built during the reign of Inca Pachacutec (1438–1471), who is also believed to have commissioned the construction of Machu Picchu itself as a ceremonial, agricultural, and astronomical center. Unlike other Inca roads used for transportation and commerce, this section was designed as a spiritual and sacred path, ending at the Sun Gate (Inti Punku).
Key Historical Facts about the Inca Trail
- Qhapaq Ñan: Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014.
- Machu Picchu: Rediscovered by Hiram Bingham in 1911, though it was known to local communities.
- Tourism: The Inca Trail was opened to tourism in the 1980s.
- Regulation: In 2001, a permit system was introduced; since 2003, only licensed tour operators are allowed to guide trekkers.
Types of Inca Trail Routes
Classic Inca Trail (4 days / 3 nights)
Approximately 42 km (26 miles), starting at kilometer 82 of the railway to Aguas Calientes. The trail includes several mountain passes, including the famous Dead Woman’s Pass (Warmiwañusca) at 4,215 m (13,828 ft), and archaeological sites like Runkurakay, Sayacmarca, and Wiñay Wayna.
Short Inca Trail (2 days / 1 night)
Starting at kilometer 104, this shorter trek is ideal for those with limited time or looking for a moderate hike. It includes sites such as Chachabamba and Wiñay Wayna, and also arrives at Machu Picchu via the Sun Gate.
Short Inca Trail to Machu Picchu
Cultural and Ecological Significance
The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu passes through the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, a protected area covering more than 32,000 hectares. This region is home to a rich variety of biodiversity, including more than 400 species of orchids, spectacled bears, and numerous endemic birds and plants found in the Andean cloud forest.
Along the way, trekkers visit more than 10 archaeological sites, built using the Incas’ masterful dry stone construction technique, which has stood the test of time and seismic activity.
A Unique Experience in the World
Walking the Inca Trail is not just a hike—it’s a journey through history. It follows the sacred paths once walked by Inca priests and nobles, surrounded by breathtaking landscapes and ancient ruins. It’s a transformative experience that blends culture, nature, and spirituality like no other.